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量子力學:英文
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量子力學:英文

作者: (意)奧麗特
出版社: 世界圖書出版公司北京公司
出版日期: 2014-09-01
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內容簡介

闡釋量子力學的誕生、波函數與薛定諤方程、一維定態問題、力學量用算符表示、力學量隨時間的演化與對稱性、中心力場、粒子在電磁場中的運動、表象變換與量子力學的矩陣形式、自旋、力學量本征值的代數解法、束縛定態微擾論、量子躍遷、散射理論、其他近似方法。為幫助讀者更深入掌握有關內容,書中安排了適當的例題、練習題和思考題。每一章還選入了適量的習題,供讀者選用。


目錄

List of figures
List of tables
List of definitions, principles, etc.
List of boxes
List of symbols
List of abbreviations
Introduction

Part I Basic features of quantum mechanics
1 From classical mechanics to quantum mechanics
1.1 Review of the foundations of classical mechanics
1.2 An interferometry experiment and its consequences
1.3 State as vector
1.4 Quantum probability
1.5 The historical need of a new mechanics
Summary
Problems
Further reading
2 Quantum observables and states
2.1 Basic features of quantum observables
2.2 Wave function and basic observables
2.3 Uncertainty relation
2.4 Quantum algebra and quantum logic
Summary
Problems
Further reading
3 Quantum dynamics
3.1 The Schr’’6dinger equation
3.2 Properties of the Schrodinger equation
3.3 Schrodinger equation and Galilei transformations
3.4 One-dimensional free particle in a box
3.5 Unitary transformations
3.6 Different pictures
3.7 Time derivatives and the Ehrenfest theorem
3.8 Energy-time uncertainty relation
3.9 Towards a time operator
Summary
Problems
Further reading
4 Examples of quantum dynamics
4.1 Finite potential wells
4.2 Potential barrier
4.3 Tunneling
4.4 Harmonic oscillator
4.5 Quantum particles in simple fields
Summary
Problems
5 Density matrix
5.1 Basic formalism
5.2 Expectation values and measurement outcomes
5.3 Time evolution and density matrix
5.4 Statistical properties of quantum mechanics
5.5 Compound systems
5.6 Pure- and mixed-state representation
Summary
Problems
Further reading

Part II More advanced topics
6 Angular momentum and spin
6.1 Orbital angular momentum
6.2 Special examples
6.3 Spin
6.4 Composition of angular momenta and total angular momentum
6.5 Angular momentum and angle
Summary
Problems
Further reading
7 Identical particles
7.1 Statistics and quantum mechanics
7.2 Wave function and symmetry
7.3 Spin and statistics
7.4 Exchange interaction
7.5 Two recent applications
Summary
Problems
Further reading
8 Symmetries and conservation laws
8.1 Quantum transformations and symmetries
8.2 Continuous symmetries
8.3 Discrete symmetries
8.4 A brief introduction to group theory
Summary
Problems
Further reading
9 The measurement problem in quantum mechanics
9.1 Statement of the problem
9.2 A brief history of the problem
9.3 Schr’’odinger cats
9.4 Decoherence
9.5 Reversibility/irreversihility
9.6 Interaction-free measurement
9.7 Delayed-choice experiments
9.8 Quantum Zeno effect
9.9 Conditional measurements or postselection
9.10 Positive operator valued measure
9.11 Quantum non-demolition measurements
9.12 Decision and estimation theory
Summary
Problems
Further reading

Part III Matter and light
10 Perturbations and approximation methods
10.1 Stationary perturbation theory
10.2 Time-dependent perturbation theory
10.3 Adiabatic theorem
10.4 The variational method
10.5 Classical limit
10.6 Semiclassical limit and WKB approximation
10.7 Scattering theory
10.8 Path integrals
Summary
Problems
Further reading
11 Hydrogen and helium atoms
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Quantum theory of the hydrogen atom
11.3 Atom and magnetic field
11.4 Relativistic corrections
11.5 Helium atom
11.6 Many-electron effects
Summary
Problems
Further reading
12 Hydrogen molecular ion
12.1 The molecular problem
12.2 Born-Oppenheimer approximation
12.3 Vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom
12.4 The Morse potential
12.5 Chemical bonds and further approximations
Summary
Problems
Further reading
13 Quantum optics
13.1 Quantization of the electromagnetic field
13.2 Thermodynamic equilibrium of the radiation field
13.3 Phase-number uncertainty relation
13.4 Special states of the electromagnetic field
13.5 Quasi-probability distributions
13.6 Quantum-optical coherence
13.7 Atom-field interaction
13.8 Geometric phase
13.9 The Casimir effect
Summary
Problems
Further reading

Part IV Quantum information: state and correlations
14 Quantum theory of open systems
14.1 General considerations
14.2 The master equation
14.3 A formal generalization
14.4 Quantum jumps and quantum trajectories
14.5 Quantum optics and Schrodinger cats
Summary
Problems
Further reading
15 State measurement in quantum mechanics
15.1 Protective measurement of the state
15.2 Quantum cloning and unitarity violation
15.3 Measurement and reversibility
15.4 Quantum state reconstruction
15.5 The nature of quantum states
Summary
Problems
Further reading
16 Entanglement: non-separability
16.1 EPR
16.2 Bohm’’s version of the EPR state
16.3 HV theories
16.4 Bell’’s contribution
16.5 Experimental tests
16.6 Bell inequalities with homodyne detection
16.7 Bell theorem without inequalities
16.8 What is quantum non-locality?
16.9 Further developments about inequalities
16.10 Conclusion
Summary
Problems
Further reading
17 Entanglement: quantum information and computation
17.1 Information and entropy
17.2 Entanglement and information
17.3 Measurement and information
17.4 Qubits
17.5 Teleportation
17.6 Quantum cryptography
17.7 Elements of quantum computation
17.8 Quantum algorithms and error correction
Summary
Problems
Further reading

Bibliography
Author index
Subject index