作者簡介
哈利.C 泰安迪斯
被譽為「跨文化心理學之父」、「主觀文化之父」,現為美國伊利諾大學香檳分校心理學系教授。其理論為研究跨文化溝通者的經典必讀作品。教授為希臘裔美國人,後移居加拿大攻讀學士與碩士,1958年得到美國康乃爾大學社會心理學博士。因其雙文化背景及於世界各國研究、講學經驗,對文化差異有深度理解,並且有更細微的觀察。1997年退休後,仍然致力於跨文化研究,2009年著作(Fooling Ourselves: Self-Deception in Politics, Religion, and Terrorism)獲得美國心理學學會威廉詹姆士獎,其於跨文化領域的崇高地位及對學術的貢獻不言而喻。
泰安迪斯教授曾授邀至40個國家研究、演講,研究跨文化心理至今已長達60年。1981年得到美洲心理學學會心理發展學重大貢獻獎,2004年更由跨文跨研究學院在台灣頒發終身成就獎。
譯者簡介
周宛青
英國劍橋大學博士及碩士、美國哈佛大學碩士、美國芝加哥大學碩士,現任銘傳大學國際事務研究所及國際事務與外交學位學程助理教授。曾任考試院專門職業及技術人員口試委員、考選部題庫小組審查委員、銘傳大學國際教育交流處副處長、國際認證指導委員會審議委員、大愛電視台「全球視野」節目主持人等職。獲得中華民國私立教育事業協會「模範教師」、銘傳大學「教學傑出教師」等十餘種教學榮譽。於個人主義及集體主義國家求學及打工時期,深深感受到全球化世界了解文化及禮儀差異的重要性,多年來致力於培訓政府機構、各大公私營企業及大專院校國際化人才,於各地演講跨文化溝通及國際禮儀等課程。希望譯注此經典著作,能夠幫助華文世界跨越文化藩籬,增進文化間了解。
譯者序···························································································· 07
導讀 ······························································································· 10
序言································································································ 22
Chapter 1 導論:兩種構念
國家與文化···················································································· 29
案例中的文化················································································ 29
個體差異························································································ 30
社會型態························································································ 31
文化群徵、處境與行為································································ 34
我群與他群···················································································· 36
布瑞爾最適區別理論···································································· 37
構念的定義屬性············································································ 38
文化撞擊························································································ 40
構念的效用···················································································· 41
本書概要························································································ 44
Chapter 2 哲學和社會科學中的個人主義與集體主義
學科貢獻························································································ 51
社群主義························································································ 73
Chapter 3 個人主義與集體主義的屬性
水平和垂直···················································································· 81
個人主義與集體主義之助因························································ 90
嚴密度與複雜性構成要素···························································· 96
嚴密度、文化複雜性及個人-集體主義····································· 99
個人主義與集體主義中的個體···················································· 100
影響個人傾向之因素···································································· 102
反映個人主義與集體主義之個人屬性········································ 109
Chapter 4 個人主義和集體主義的前因與地理分布
團體生活的優點············································································ 128
由集體主義到個人主義的轉變···················································· 129
家庭結構及文化型態···································································· 130
選擇數作為個人主義的因素························································ 134
引發個人主義或集體主義的處境················································ 135
一些經典例證················································································ 137
大致發展序列················································································ 150
構念的地理分布············································································ 154
Chapter 5 個人主義與集體主義的影響
個體································································································ 160
人際關係························································································ 164
群際關係························································································ 176
社會制度························································································ 185
Chapter 6 應用:成功共事訓練
概要································································································ 207
培訓類型························································································ 209
培訓效果評量················································································ 213
訓練集體主義者與個人主義者彼此互動···································· 216
給個人主義者與集體主義者的建議············································ 222
訓練水平與垂直文化者成功共事················································ 227
Chapter 7 個人主義與集體主義評價
與政治的關係················································································ 232
地區差異························································································ 233
未來衝突························································································ 234
普遍論旨························································································ 236
集體主義的利與不利···································································· 238
個人主義的利與不利···································································· 245
綜論 ······························································································· 252
給年輕人的建議············································································ 254
附錄 個人主義與集體主義測量法
測量層級························································································ 260
測量方法歷史概觀·························&m